![]() This allows for discrepancies in the tilt of the head (flexion/extension of the cervical spine). To achieve the best angle, the central ray should be directed at an angle that parallels the plane of the mandible and then directed to just below the hyoid bone. An excessive or insufficient angle can distort these disc spaces. To project the intervertebral disc spaces open, the central ray should be directed perpendicular to the long axis of the vertebral column 3, 4. This angle can and will vary between 5-20° depending on the position of the head. For this reason, a cephalic angle is required to project through the long axis of the vertebral column. Correcting tube angle errors and head tilt errorsĪ lordotic curvature exists in the cervical spine. The spinous process will rotate toward the pedicle of the side farther from the image receptor 3. The spinous process should be midline of the vertebral body, equidistant from both pedicles 3. Any deviation from the midline indicates rotation is present. a well-positioned oblique lumbar radiograph will demonstrate the scottie dog sign, showing the articular processes and facet joints. check department protocol before imaging, as focused imaging of the lower lumbar vertebrae may be required. Rotation can be detected by looking at the spinous processes in relation to the pedicles. the entire lumbar spine should be visible from T12/L1 - L5/S1. make sure that any removable artifacts such as earrings, glasses or metal dentures are removed to avoid obscuring the anatomy of interest.spinous processes should be midline, equidistant to the pedicles, indicating that there is no rotation.cervical spine intervertebral disk spaces should be open 2.superiorly to include C2 and inferiorly to include T2.laterally to include the entire cervical spine.the central ray is midline centered at the level of C4 to enter immediately below the hyoid bone.chin should be raised to align the lower margin of the upper incisors to the mastoid tips/base of the skull (unless trauma when the patient is placed in a cervical collar).patient shoulders should be at equal distances from the image receptor to avoid rotation.patient positioned erect in AP position (unless trauma when the patient will be supine).non-angled AP radiograph of C1 and C2.This projection helps to visualize pathology relating to C3-C7 in the anatomical position, demonstrating any compression fractures, clay-shoveler fractures and herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) 1. Note: in the absence of CT 5 views of the C-spine should be performed: AP, lateral, obliques and odontoid 5.specialized projections of the cervical spine often requested to assess for spinal stability.modified lateral projection of the cervical spine to visualize the C7/T1 junction.demonstrated the intervertebral foramina of the side positioned closer to the image receptor.demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the side positioned further from the image receptor.also known as a 'peg' projection it demonstrates the C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis).anterior-posterior relationship of the vertebral bodies. ![]() soft tissue structures around the c spine.All specimens were positioned by the same researcher and all X-rays were taken by the same technologist. The source beam positioned a standard 101.6 cm above the X-ray plate. anteroposterior projection of the cervical spine demonstrating the vertebral bodies and intervertebral spaces Oblique radiographs at 35°, 45°, and 55° were obtained of each cervical spine to focus on both the left and right pedicles with the beam centered on C5.Note: in the absence of CT 5 views of the C-spine should be performed: AP, lateral, obliques and odontoid 5. IndicationsĬervical spine radiographs are indicated for a variety of settings including 1-3:Ī decision to pursue C-spine imaging of any kind should be cross-referenced with the 'Canadian C-Spine Rule' for C-spine imaging due to its high sensitivity and specificity 4. The cervical spine series is a set of radiographs taken to investigate the bony structures of the cervical spine, albeit commonly replaced by the CT, the cervical spine series is an essential trauma radiograph for all radiographers to understand.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |